Looking at the digital tools used in FCL 2 (since 2015), we can see that the main focus is now on analysing urban phenomena and supporting decision making by harnessing big data and writing new code. These tools lead to an increasing number of application cases that draw from contextual data and use tailored digital tools to respond.
Digital tools in this context are defined as protocols or pipelines that capture, organise, structure and transform data into information. Depending on the project, these could be the innovative combination of existing software and plugins, the use of application programming interfaces (APIs) or the development of software. These digital tools were then linked to attributes that emerged from conversations with the researchers and reflected to the best extent the range of applicable features. The attributes were: sensing, analysing, enabling, modelling, optimising, simulating, evaluating, generating, visualising and communicating. These digital tools reflect the complexity of the research. Understood as processes rather than products, these tools offer many possibilities for transformation and transposition to other interdisciplinary projects.